Period 1
【课题】 Grammar (overall study )（撰稿人：张丽娜）
【学习目标】1.现在完成时被动语态的结构
2. 现在完成时被动语态的主要用法
3．使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题
【课前预习】现在完成时被动语态的结构就是 现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合，即“ have + been + 动词过去分词”。试比较以下几组句子的谓语结构：
1. 主动句：He has repaired the machine for two hours. （他修理这台机器已有两小时了）
被动句：The machine has been repaired for two hours. （这台机器已修了两小时了）
2. 主动句：The teacher has borrowed the books. （老师把那些书借走了）
被动句：The books have been borrowed by the teacher. （那些书被老师借走了）
【本课重点】
一、现在完成时被动语态的构成
1．现在完成时被动语态的肯定式
由“have ／has ＋been ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：
Two windows have been broken．两个窗子被打破了。
2．现在完成时被动语态的否定式
由“have ／has ＋not＋been ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：
The car has not been repaired．这辆汽车还没有修好。
3．现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式
由“Have ／Has ＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：
①─Has her work been finished？她的工作完成了吗？
─Yes，it has．是的，完成了。
②─Have the cars been repaired？这些汽车修好了吗？
─No，they haven't．不，还没有。
4．现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式
由“疑问词＋have／has＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：
How long has her work been finished？她的工作完成有多久了？
Who has been helped by the new computer？谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助？
How many new words have been learned by the students？这些学生已经学会了多少单词？
二、现在完成时被动语态的主要用法
1．表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对现在造成的影响和结果。
例如：The door has been locked．门被锁上了。（结果是现在没有人能进去）
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能将持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long．．．？句型中。
例如：They have been told about it for many times．有人告诉他们这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他们）
How long has the machine been used？这机器使用有多久了？
三、使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题
1．现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即 have ／has和been，两者缺一不可。
2．注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。
例如：The house was built last year．这房子是去年建造的。
The house has been built．这房子已经建好了。
3．由finish，buy，start，begin，post，return，borrow， join，marry，open等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如for four days，how long等连用，而要改换动词或时态。
例如：译：这本书买了多久了？
误：How long has this book been bought？
正：How long ago was this book bought？
但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与since或for引导的时间段连用。
例如：No books have been bought since last week．自上周以来，没有人来买过书。
4．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。
例如：The orphan has been well looked after．这位孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。
【课堂小结与作业】复习并理解本课所讲的语法规则，选做课本上转换句型练习题
Period 2
【课题】 Grammar (Further study and practive)（撰稿人：张丽娜）
【学习目标】复习现在完成时被动语态的结构、主要用法和需要注意的问题，学以致用
【课前检测】口头检查现在完成时被动语态的结构、主要用法和需要注意的问题
【本课重点】
一．经典习题1. I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard. (北京2005春)
A. Has it all been finished B. Was it all finished C. Has it all finished D. Did it all finish
2. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.(重庆 2005)
A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused
3. More patients in hospital this year than last year. (江苏 2004)
A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated
4. —The window is dirty.
—I know. It --------for weeks.(2004全国卷Ⅲ)
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
二． 答案与解析 第1题的第一句话告诉我们，橱柜里看不到咖啡了（对现在造成影响和结果），所以紧接着要问“咖啡已经被喝完了吗？”，故选A。
第2题的意思是“昨晚横扫英格兰北部的暴风雨已经造成了上百万英镑的损失”，这里强调发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响，故选A。
第3题中的patients与treat之间是被动关系，排除A、B。根据时间状语this year可知用现在完成时的被动语态，故选D。
第4题上句提到“窗户很脏”，所以下句应该是“窗户已经有数周没有被擦了”，故选D。
【巩固练习】1. No permission has ______ for anybody to enter the building.
A. been given B. gave C. given D. be give
2. By 2003, 28 Chinese culture relics ______ on World Heritage List by UNESCO.
A. be placed B. placed C. have been placed D. have placed
3. A lot of money ______ to protect the old temple.
A. have been spent B. has spent C. have spent D. has been spent
4. The Summer Palace ______ by so many tourists that some of the relics are not well protected.
A. has been visited B. is visited C. to be visited D. visits
5. The Great Wall ______ many times in history.
A. is rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. been rebuilt D. rebuilt
6. The Stonehenge ___ existed for more than 3,000 years. A. is B. be C. has been D.has been
7.－How many times ______ not to play with fire?－I’m sorry. I’ll never do that again.
A. do you tell B. had you told C. are you told D. have you been told
8. The fire _______ to the fifth floor. _______ all the people _______?
A. has got; Have; been saved B. has been got; Have; saved
C. has got; Do; save D. has got; Have; saved
9. Old paintings ______ according to the descriptions.
A. are carefully recreated B. have been carefully recreated
C. have be recreated D. been carefully recreated
10. The ancient king’s tomb ______ by thieves.
A. be stolen B. stole C. stolen D. has been stolen
11. More visitors ______ to Beijing since the repair project ______.
A. have brought; was completed B. have been brought; was completed
C. have been brought; completed D. have brought; completed
12. It is true that many of the world’s greatest cities ______ on the banks of a river.
A. have been built B. have built C. are being built D. were built
13. Do you know the thief ______ by the police?
A. has caught B. has been catching C. was caught D. has been caught
14. It ______ that Leshan Buddha is the biggest among the Buddhas that ______.
A. was reported; have been found B. is reported; have found
C. is reported; have been found D. was reported; had been found
15.－Will you attend the meeting this afternoon?－But I _______ anything about that.
A. hadn’t told B. haven’t been told C. wasn’t told D. won’t tell
16. More patients ______ in the hospital this year than last year.
A. treated B. have treated
C. had been treated D. have been treated
17. How many trees ______ this year?
A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted
18. Tom was said to ______ Mary for forty years.
A. have been married to B. have married with
C. has been married D. had married with
19. The coat’s finished, ______ it? A. doesn’t B. isn’t C. hasn’t D. has
20. Great changes ______ in the city, and a lot of factories ______.
A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up
C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up
课时作业 完成课本上的练习，进一步体会现在完成时被动语态的用法，
(本文引自 xiaoyudingdang 的新浪博客）
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