动词的-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
1．表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。（= When she saw those pictures...）
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination. 我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。（= After we have made full preparation...）
2．表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Not knowing his address, I can't send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。（= As I don't know his address...）
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。（= Since he was ill...）
3．表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。（= ... and left him a lot of money）
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。（= ... and broke it into pieces...）
4．表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. 顺着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。（= If you go straight down the road...）
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. 如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。（= If you work hard at your lessons...）
5．表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。（= Although they knew all this...）
Working hard as he did, he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car. 他虽然努力地干，但仍然挣不够买车的钱。（= Though he worked hard as he did...）
6．表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。（= ...and stared at the sky for a long time）
She came into the house, carrying a lot of books. 她捧着许多书走进了房间。（= ...and carried a lot of books）
要点：.现在分词作状语时其逻辑主语往往是句子的主语，这时该动词与句子的主语之间往往存在主谓关系。如：
As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not______, and asked myself what I was going to do.
A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved
【解析】B。这里考查现在分词作伴随状语。move与主语I之间存在主谓关系，故用现在分词。
2.现在分词有：一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式，每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not构成。一般式（doing） 表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作；被动式（being done）表示正在进行的被动的动作；完成式（having done）表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作；完成被动式(having been done) 表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。如：
Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.没有得到答复，他决定再写信去。
The old man, having worked abroad for twenty years, came back to his motherland.
（work与句子的主语The old man之间存在主谓关系，而且work 这一动作发生在谓语动作之前）
掌握常规用法
有一些固定结构，如：generally speaking, according to, judging from/by等,无论主语是什么都用这种形式作状语。如：
Generally speaking, children like playing in the fields.
一般来说，孩子们喜欢在田野里玩。
特殊技巧
一些考生在做题过程中不知道应该选择现在分词还是过去分词作状语。现在教大家一个行之有效的方法：作状语时，是用动词\|ing形式还是用过去分词，取决于该动词与句子主语之间的关系。如果是意义上的主谓关系，一般用动词\|ing形式；如果是意义上的动宾关系，则一般用过去分词。请记住下面的例子，并细心体会。注意：句子的主语改变了，分词的形式也要相应地发生变化。
Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks even more beautiful. 从山顶上看，这个公园显得更加美丽。（see 与主语the park之间存在动宾关系）
Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park even more beautiful.从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。（see 与主语we之间存在主谓关系）
真题练习：
1 when we visited my old family home,memory came---------back.(2009辽宁)
A flooding B to flood C flood D flooded
2 ---------in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.
A Waiting B to wait C Having waited D to have waited (2008福建)
3----------in the fields on a March afternoon,he could feel the warmth of spring.
A To walk B Walking C Walked D Having walked(2008安徽)
4----------that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.(2008浙江)
A Not realized B Not to realize C Not realizing D Not to have realized
5 Don't sit there--------nothing.come and help me with this table.(2006湖北)
A do B to do C doing D and doing
答案： 1 A 2 C 3 B 4 C 5C
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