以上两种时态是时态部分难点，首先，为什么要将这两种时态放在一起讨论？
例句：1. Who put forward the suggestion?
2. When did he leave?
3. She often came to help us. （他过去常来帮我们。）
4. I didn’t know you were so busy. （我没想到你这么忙。）
以上各句中用的都是一般过去时，显然，说话的人是强调过去某时发生的动作或情况。
5. How many pages have you covered today?
6. I haven’t seen him for many days.
7. I’ve always walked to work.
8. The students have already left.
9. The city has taken on a new look.
10. Thank you. I’ve had my supper.
以上各句用的都是现在完成时，可以看出，与一般过去时一样，现在完成时所表示的动作也是发生在过去（说话以前），但它强调的是：
1）动作从过去持续到说话这一时刻（例5---7）
2）过去的动作对现状有某种影响（例8---10），说话人强调的是现在如何。
注意在现在完成时的第一种用法中，时间状语常用for…; since…短语（从句）
如：We haven’t seen each other for many years./ since he left 10 years ago.
此时（主句）谓语动词不能用非延续性动词。如：
* He has left home for many years.（错误）
* He has been away from home for many years. (正确)
* He has died since 1990. （错误）
* He has been dead since 1990.(正确)
两种时态的比较练习:
1. --- Where __you __ (put) the book? I can’t see it anywhere.
--- I ___(put) it right here. But now it’s gone.
A. did ; put; put B. have; put; put C. did; put; have put D. have; put; have put
2. We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her?
A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened
3. Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long _________ here?
A. don’t know; were you B. hadn’t known; are you
C. haven’t known; are D. didn’t know; have you been
4. I’m glad to tell you that we _____ the work in less time than we _____ expected to.
A. finished; were B. have finished; are
C. have finished; were D. had finished; were
5. It _____ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work.
A. finds B. has found C. was found D. has been found
6. When I was at college I _______ three foreign language but I ________ all except a few words of each.
A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten
C. had spoken; had forgotten C. had spoken; have forgotten
Key:
1. B 前者强调的是 I can’t find it anywhere (now), 因此用现在完成时;后者强调的是I put it right here(just now).
2. C 说话者强调Jane 目前的状况.
3. D didn’t know 强调见面前原不知道.
4. C 全句含义为 “我们现在已经比预期的(强调过去)提前完成任务( 强调现在).
5. D 为被动语态的现在完成时, 强调that 从句的内容现在已被发现,为人所知.
6. B 注意when I was at college 是指过去的某一时间,动词应用一般过去时; I have forgotten 是指现在的情况.
练习：
:1．Paper money ＿＿＿＿ for over a thousand years．
A．used B．has been used C．has used D．is using
2．Great changes ＿＿＿＿ in my hometown and a lot of factories ＿＿＿＿．
A．have been taken place； are being set up
B．have taken place； have been set up
C．are taken place； had been set up
D．had taken place； will be set up
3．Come and sit down by the fire．Your hand ＿＿＿＿ cold．
A．has been felt B．feels C．is felt D．has felt
4．The fire ＿＿＿＿to the fifth floor．＿＿＿＿ all the people＿＿＿＿？
A．has got；Have；been saved
B．has been got；Have；saved
C．has got；Do；save
D．has got；Have；saved
5．—We want to sit at the table near the window．
—I’m sorry，but it ＿＿＿＿ already．
A．has taken B．took C．was taken D．has been taken
6．Some of the chapters（片段）＿＿＿＿ by many students．
A．have been widely read
B．have read widely
C．were wide read
D．had been widely read
7．Why don’t you go to the book store to buy some books？Many new books ＿＿＿ there．
A．have just brought
B．have just been brought
C．were just brought
D．are just brought
8．Till now，three films ＿＿＿＿ in that small village this month．
A．have shown B．have been shown C．were shown D．will be shown
9．Do you know the thief ＿＿＿＿ by the police？
A．has caught B．has been catching C．was caught D．has been caught
10．My sister is working in the power plant that ＿＿＿ for just one year．
A．was used B．has been used C．is used D．has used
Key: 1-5 BBBAD 6-10 ABBDB
(本资源来自北京四中网校)
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